Asia Program - The Sixteenth Council

Changing Latin America’s Security Architecture: What It Means for India

Latin America’s evolving security architecture is being reshaped by geopolitical competition, organised crime, climate risks, migration, and digital threats. As regional powers seek greater autonomy in a multipolar world, India faces new strategic, economic, and diplomatic opportunities across the region. This report explores how India can strengthen defence cooperation, secure critical supply chains, expand technological partnerships, and deepen multilateral engagement with Latin America while navigating rising Chinese influence, political fragmentation, and emerging non-traditional security threats in an increasingly interconnected global order.

Existing Indian Economic and Strategic Interests in Cuba: Challenges and Prospects

India’s economic and strategic engagement with Cuba spans pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, digital cooperation, and development assistance, rooted in decades of South-South solidarity. Yet this relationship remains underutilised due to U.S. sanctions, Cuba’s economic fragility, and implementation gaps in key projects. With Cuba’s BRICS partner status and expanding renewable energy ambitions, India has a timely opportunity to convert commitments into tangible outcomes, deepening its role as a credible Global South partner while unlocking high-value sectors for bilateral growth.

AI in 2025: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly

By 2025, artificial intelligence has shifted from disruptive innovation to strategic infrastructure. It is boosting productivity, accelerating scientific discovery, and expanding access to knowledge, while simultaneously intensifying labour disruption, market concentration, and governance gaps. More troublingly, AI is eroding trust in information, enabling surveillance, and compressing decision-making in ways that strain democratic and security systems. AI is no longer a neutral tool; it is a force multiplier whose impact depends less on capability and more on the strength of institutions that govern it.

What Trump Really Wants in Venezuela and How it Affects India?

Trump’s Venezuela strategy is less about democracy and more about power: oil leverage, geopolitical signaling, and dismantling rival influence from Russia, China, and Iran. By framing pressure on Caracas as a war on drugs, Washington creates legal and political cover for escalation. For India, the fallout is tangible—sanctions disrupt crude supplies, stall ONGC Videsh investments, and expose the fragility of energy planning in a sanctions-driven world. Geopolitics, not markets, now dictates access.

Trump-Putin summit ends without material changes

The Trump–Putin summit in Alaska ended without progress on a ceasefire, underscoring the entrenched positions of both leaders. While Trump hailed the meeting as a success, little substance emerged beyond vague promises of future talks. Putin, however, gained symbolic victories—international recognition and time to advance Russia’s offensive in Ukraine. With Zelensky absent, peace remains distant and fragile. Europe now faces the task of pressuring both Washington and Moscow to sustain support for Kyiv and keep prospects for a fair settlement alive.

India at Tianjin: Modi’s SCO Gambit in a Multipolar World

India enters the SCO summit walking a razor’s edge. Between Russia’s embrace, China’s rivalry, and America’s pressure, New Delhi’s old habit of “working with everyone” is becoming unsustainable. Modi’s meetings with Xi and Putin are more than routine diplomacy—they are tests of India’s strategic agility in a fractured world. The question is no longer whether India can remain non-aligned, but how long it can keep balancing before being forced to choose a side.

India’s GST Reforms: Balancing Simplification, Growth, and Self-Reliance

India is set to overhaul its Goods and Services Tax (GST) system, simplifying its multi-tiered structure into two main rates—5% for essentials and 18% for most goods, with a 40% rate on demerit products. The reforms focus on structural fixes, rate rationalization, and ease of compliance to boost consumption, support MSMEs, and attract global investment. Success will depend on managing Centre–state fiscal tensions and ensuring transparency. If implemented effectively, GST reforms could strengthen India’s self-reliance and secure stable, growth-driven development.

Trump’s India Tariff Is Less About Trade

Trump’s tariff on Indian goods is less about trade and more a geopolitical ultimatum. It forces India to choose between aligning with U.S. strategic preferences or facing economic pain. The move targets key sectors like textiles, gems, and auto parts, pressuring India’s hedging strategy amid global power competition. Legal routes like the WTO offer little relief. India must respond swiftly with tactical diplomacy, market diversification, economic restructuring, and a clear narrative asserting its strategic autonomy to preserve sovereignty and growth.

India After the Tariffs: What Next in a World Where the WTO Can’t Save You?

The Trump-era tariff revival against India signals more than a trade dispute—it’s a strategic message. As the U.S. recalibrates its economic alliances, India must confront hard truths: WTO diplomacy won’t suffice. New Delhi must pivot toward resilient trade diversification, domestic manufacturing strength, and assertive bilateral diplomacy. This is not just about steel or solar panels—it’s about global positioning. In the shifting tides of protectionism, India must act not as a victim, but as a counterforce.

Tensions Reignite: The Aftermath of Operation Sindoor

Muhammad Khalid Jamali, issued a provocative warning during a televised interview: Pakistan is prepared to use the “full spectrum of power, including nuclear,” should India attempt to either restrict water flows from the Indus system or carry out additional cross-border strikes. The statement raised alarm across global capitals, intensifying concerns about potential military escalation between two nuclear-armed neighbors.

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