The Gen Z Revolution in Bangladesh: A Defining Moment for Democracy
What began as a peaceful demand for job equality quickly escalated into a nationwide movement to oust Hasina after her government responded with a brutal crackdown. The imposition of internet blocks and an indefinite curfew, along with accusations against the opposition for inciting violence, only intensified the protests
In a remarkable display of youthful vigor and determination, Bangladesh has witnessed what many are calling a Gen Z revolution. This uprising, led predominantly by young student protesters, has challenged the long-standing dominance of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, a 76-year-old leader who has held sway over the nation for decades with an increasingly authoritarian grip.
The Fall of Sheikh Hasina
On Monday, the streets of Dhaka were filled with jubilant celebrations as news spread that Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had resigned and fled the country by helicopter. This dramatic exit followed weeks of intense and deadly anti-government protests that claimed the lives of around 300 people. Hasina’s sudden departure marks the end of a 15-year tenure, during which critics and rights groups have accused her of systematically suppressing civil liberties and using security forces to crush dissent.
For years, Hasina’s administration has been synonymous with the stifling of civil freedoms. Her resignation signifies a critical turning point, ushering in an interim government led by Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus. This change in leadership, requested by student protest leaders, was confirmed by the Bangladesh president’s press secretary on Tuesday. Additionally, the main opposition party has thrown its full support behind the student protesters, showcasing a rare moment of unity in the quest for democratic reform.
Origins and Escalation of Protests
The genesis of this revolution can be traced back to peaceful protests on July 1 at Dhaka University. Students rallied against the government’s quota system, which reserved 30% of civil service jobs for relatives of veterans from Bangladesh’s 1971 war of independence. This system, according to protesters, was discriminatory and favored supporters of Hasina’s ruling Awami League party. The high levels of unemployment and economic challenges further fueled the youth’s discontent.
What began as a peaceful demand for job equality quickly escalated into a nationwide movement to oust Hasina after her government responded with a brutal crackdown. The imposition of internet blocks and an indefinite curfew, along with accusations against the opposition for inciting violence, only intensified the protests. Ultimately, Hasina and her sister were forced to flee to India just before demonstrators stormed her official residence, leaving behind a scene of chaos and destruction.
Violence and Aftermath
The aftermath of Hasina’s resignation saw a surge in violence across Dhaka. Protestors set ablaze several buildings, including the Bangabandhu Memorial Museum and Awami League offices. Raiyan Aftab, a 23-year-old student at BRAC University, recounted the harrowing events, describing how police opened fire on protestors, resulting in numerous casualties.
In response to the escalating violence, President Mohammed Shahabuddin dissolved parliament and announced the release of opposition leader Khaleda Zia and other political prisoners. The student-led protests had posed the most significant challenge to Hasina’s rule, particularly since her controversial fourth consecutive term in January, which was tainted by allegations of election-related violence and media harassment.
Moving Forward: Challenges and Hopes
Despite the celebratory mood following Hasina’s resignation, the road ahead for Bangladesh remains fraught with challenges. Student leader Muhammad Nahid Islam articulated the protesters’ aspiration to dismantle “fascist systems forever” and emphasized their rejection of a military-led government. Yunus, poised to lead the interim government, aims to facilitate a transition to civilian rule.
The youth movement has inspired hope for a brighter future. Student Faiza Chowdhury highlighted the ongoing need for justice and protection for religious and ethnic minorities. The unprecedented youth-led uprising has showcased the power and potential of the next generation to shape Bangladesh’s future, pushing the country toward a more democratic and inclusive society.
In recent developments, the international community has been closely observing the situation in Bangladesh. The United Nations has called for restraint and a peaceful transition of power, while India has expressed support for a stable and democratic Bangladesh, offering asylum to Hasina. Economic experts have raised concerns about the potential long-term impacts of the turmoil on Bangladesh’s economy, urging the interim government to address high unemployment rates and inflation swiftly.
The Gen Z revolution in Bangladesh stands as a defining moment in the nation’s history. It is a powerful testament to the influence of youth activism and the pressing need for responsive and democratic governance. As Bangladesh navigates this period of uncertainty, the world watches with anticipation, hopeful that the country will emerge stronger, more democratic, and more inclusive. This movement, driven by the aspirations of a new generation, holds the promise of a better future for Bangladesh, where the values of freedom, justice, and equality prevail.
Riya Kothavale is a Research Fellow at the Sixteenth Council
